The Dharma Bums is a novel by Jack Kerouac, published in 1958. The story follows Ray Smith (a fictionalized version of Kerouac) and his friend Japhy Ryder, who embodies the ideals of Zen Buddhism, as they explore life, spirituality, and the pursuit of personal freedom. Set in the 1950s, the novel focuses on their adventures, from hiking in the mountains to engaging in deep philosophical discussions about life, meaning, and the nature of happiness. It reflects the Beat Generation’s rebellion against mainstream society and their search for authenticity and enlightenment. Through its themes of individualism and spiritual awakening, The Dharma Bums explores how the characters strive to live in harmony with nature and seek a deeper sense of truth.