In Civilization and its Discontents, Freud explores the tension between the individual’s desire for and striving toward happiness, and the requirements of civilization, which often stand in the way of the things that will lead to the individual’s happiness, chief among them, sex and the use of violence for selfish means. Complicating this tension, according to Freud, is the fact that human beings need civilization in order to avoid living in a chaotic world and to maintain personal security. Freud argues that man’s natural inclinations are hostile and aggressive, but that their equal need for self-preservation compels them to attempt to sublimate these inclinations. Considering this human bind allows Freud to also discuss the roles of religion and art within civilization, the types of love we are capable of, and the nature of Thanatos. At its core, the book invites a debate about basic human nature—are we capable of transcending aggression?

ISBN: 9780393301588